Chemical reactions mainly activate reactants by heating, providing the energy needed to overcome thermodynamic barriers and facilitating the conversion of reactants into products. During the reaction process, introducing suitable catalysts can adsorb and activate reactant molecules, altering the chemical reaction pathway, thereby reducing the activation energy and making the reaction easier to proceed.
In a typical catalytic reaction system, catalysts play a role in lowering the activation energy of the reaction, making it more likely to occur.
From the perspective of reaction kinetics, high temperatures can activate reactants and increase the reaction rate, but from the perspective of thermodynamic equilibrium, high temperatures are not favorable for exothermic reactions such as ammonia synthesis. An increase in reaction temperature can shift the equilibrium towards the reactants, leading to a decrease in yield. Moreover, excessively high temperatures may cause catalyst caking, thereby reducing catalytic activity and affecting the reaction rate.
High pressure can accelerate molecular collisions, increasing the reaction rate. It can also shift the reaction equilibrium towards the direction of fewer gas molecules and speed up the liquefaction of gases, resulting in a higher yield for reactions that produce liquid products. Therefore, for specific reactions, finding a suitable catalyst and adjusting the reaction temperature and pressure can regulate the activity, selectivity, and yield of the reaction, providing theoretical guidance for industrial synthesis, which is also a key focus in the field of catalytic technology research.
BoFeiLe Technology has launched the PLR-RT Series Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device, providing a platform for systematic research on catalytic reactions. The precise temperature and pressure control system ensures the repeatability of each reaction, while real-time monitoring of pressure and temperature better restores the chemical reaction process, meeting the needs of conventional gas-solid phase catalytic reactions.
Catalyst material atmosphere sintering Catalyst material activity evaluation Gas-solid phase catalytic reactions
Methane reforming for hydrogen production Carbon dioxide reduction
Methane/carbon dioxide reforming Methane coupling
Synthesis of syngas Ethane dehydrogenation
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Ammonia synthesis
High-precision flow control method ensures constant gas flow rate
The PLR-RT Series Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device is equipped with a four-way gas flow path, three-way reaction gas flow path, and one-way purging gas flow path. Each gas path can be precisely controlled, achieving a flow control accuracy of up to ±1% F.S. compared to other flow control modes such as rotameters and pressure regulators, effectively ensuring the repeatability of each experiment and the reproducibility between different devices.
The flowmeter has three ranges of 200/500/1000 mL to meet the needs of different reaction volumes.
The purging gas can be used to flush the entire reaction flow path before and after each experiment, easily solving the problem of cross-contamination between two experiments, and extending the lifespan of the reactor and piping.
Multi-stage temperature management system for precise temperature control
The PLR-RT Series Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device has a gas preheating system and a condensation separation system set up before and after the core reaction system, ensuring precise control of the reaction temperature while reducing the impact of high temperatures on gas measurement accuracy.
The gas preheating system quickly heats the raw gas to a temperature close to the reaction conditions before entering the reactor, effectively shortening the reaction preparation time. To minimize thermal loss during gas transfer, a heating structure is added to the piping, ensuring the temperature of the raw gas entering the reactor. The gas preheating system allows the raw gas to enter the reaction chamber at a higher temperature, ensuring that it quickly reaches the set reaction temperature as it enters the reactor and passes through the furnace core, reducing the burden on the reaction system and ensuring temperature accuracy.
The reaction system has a maximum heating power of 1.3 kW, allowing the raw gas to be rapidly heated to the required reaction temperature in a short time. The furnace body is made of high-temperature silicon carbide material, with insulation material filling the space between the furnace shell and the furnace chamber to reduce thermal loss from radiation and improve thermal energy utilization efficiency.
The preheating system and reaction system are equipped with a 16-segment programmable temperature control mode, allowing the starting reaction temperature to be determined in a single experiment and enabling the study of reaction rates and conversion rates at different reaction temperatures, ensuring that every bit of thermal energy is used optimally.
To prevent high-temperature substances output from the reaction system from damaging terminal detection devices such as chromatographs or mass spectrometers, and to reduce the impact of high temperatures on gas measurement accuracy, the PLR-RT Series Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device has a condensation separation system added between the reaction system and the terminal detection device.
The condensation separation system can rapidly cool the gases output from the reaction system and condense and separate liquid reactants or products, effectively reducing damage to subsequent detection devices and back pressure valves from high temperatures and liquid substances, improving the accuracy of gas detection.
Four functional modules for quantitative reaction and separation of liquids
To enable liquid reactants to participate in the reaction, the PLR-RT Series Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device has designed four functional modules: liquid delivery - vaporization - pipe heating - condensation separation.
The liquid delivery system uses a high-precision high-pressure liquid plunger pump, ensuring that the liquid entering the preheating chamber can maintain a flow rate of any value between 0.001-10 mL/min under high pressure for an extended period.
The liquid preheating chamber features a specially designed vaporizer structure, effectively avoiding issues such as large vaporizer volume, unstable gas output after vaporization, and inability to vaporize in real-time, ensuring a stable output of liquid vaporized mixed gas.
The pipe heating structure effectively prevents condensation of liquids before they enter the reaction chamber.
The condensation separation system after the reaction can quickly condense unreacted liquid raw materials and liquid products generated from the reaction into a separator for collection, for subsequent reaction process analysis.
Flexible and diverse configurations for customized-level service
The device is configured with different settings from multiple dimensions such as reactor, reaction temperature, and reaction pressure conditions, to meet the needs of catalytic reactions under varying reaction rates and conditions.
The reactor can be selected from two types: vertical furnace and horizontal furnace.
For different reaction temperature and pressure conditions, multiple specifications are available:
High-temperature version: Maximum temperature in the reaction furnace 1050℃, maximum gauge pressure 3 MPa
Standard version: 850℃, 6 MPa
High-pressure version: 650℃, 10 MPa
If the above configurations still do not meet reaction needs, BoFeiLe Technology also provides customized services for the device to create the most suitable catalytic reaction apparatus.
Two-level alarm function to safeguard experimental safety
The device has designed a dual protection mechanism for temperature and pressure limits in both hardware and software, allowing photothermal reactions to be conducted more safely and reliably.
If safety issues arise during the experiment, such as leaks, loss of control, or pressure exceeding limits, the system will automatically activate a chain protection.
Temperature has a two-level alarm: when the temperature exceeds the first set value, an audible and visual alarm will trigger; if it exceeds the second set value, heating will automatically stop.
If pressure exceeds the set value, an audible and visual alarm will trigger and feeding will stop.
Diverse sampling methods for online analysis of gas products
The device has a dedicated gas sampling port suitable for gas calibration use.
The device offers various sampling methods, such as online gas sampling, intermittent gas sampling, and liquid sampling, and can be equipped with upstream pressure reduction devices and downstream detection devices (mass spectrometers, gas chromatographs, etc.) to achieve online monitoring of the reaction process and comprehensive detection of reaction products.
Equipment Parameters
| Common Version Parameters | ||||
| Catalyst Filling Volume | Thermocatalysis | 5 ~ 25 mL | Volumetric Flow Rate | 120 ~ 12000 h⁻¹ |
| Reactor Material | Metal Reactor + Quartz Reactor | |||
| Feed Parameters | Gas Phase Channel | Standard 4 channels | Liquid Phase Channel | Standard 1 channel |
| Gas Flow Rate | 1000 mL/min | |||
| Control Range | 4 ~ 100%, Accuracy ± 1% F.S. | |||
| Liquid Flow Rate | Total Flow Rate 0.001 ~ 10 mL/min, Control Accuracy ± 1% F.S. | |||
| Size Parameters | 110 × 85 × 120 cm³ | |||
| Version Differentiation Parameters | ||||||
| High Temperature Version (PLR RVTF-TL Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device) | ||||||
| Device Temperature and Pressure Parameters | Maximum Temperature | 1050 ℃ | Maximum Pressure | 3 MPa | ||
| Temperature Control Accuracy | ±1 ℃ | Pressure Accuracy | 0.2% | |||
| Reactor | Temperature and Pressure Parameters | 1050 ℃, 3 MPa | ||||
| Pre-treatment Parameters | Pre-heating Chamber | RT ~ 500 ℃ | Heating Tape | RT ~ 240 ℃ | Heating Jacket | RT ~ 240 ℃ |
| High Pressure Version (PLR RVTF-TH Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device) | ||||||
| Device Temperature and Pressure Parameters | Maximum Temperature | 650 ℃ | Maximum Pressure | 10 MPa | ||
| Temperature Control Accuracy | ±1 ℃ | Pressure Accuracy | 0.2% | |||
| Reactor | Temperature and Pressure Parameters | 650 ℃, 10 MPa | ||||
| Pre-treatment Parameters | Pre-heating Chamber | RT ~ 500 ℃ | Heating Tape | RT ~ 320 ℃ | Heating Jacket | RT ~ 320 ℃ |
| Standard Version (PLR RVTF-TM Catalytic Reaction Evaluation Device) | ||||||
| Device Temperature and Pressure Parameters | Maximum Temperature | 850 ℃ | Maximum Pressure | 6 MPa | ||
| Temperature Control Accuracy | ±1 ℃ | Pressure Accuracy | 0.2% | |||
| Reactor | Temperature and Pressure Parameters | 850 ℃, 6 MPa | ||||
| Pre-treatment Parameters | Pre-heating Chamber | RT ~ 500 ℃ | Heating Tape | RT ~ 280 ℃ | Heating Jacket | RT ~ 280 ℃ |
Note: Specific device material flow rates and catalyst loading are subject to adaptation for the specific reactor. For details, please refer to the reactor specification and selection table.
